FIM Overview

Water usage has become a focal point of concern in recent years due to increasing unit cost for water and sewer service. This FIM introduces and installs new low-volume domestic plumbing fixtures, replacing existing high volume fixtures.

Replacement of these fixtures with modern, EPA WaterSense labeled, high efficiency fixtures can often result in the largest water savings opportunity within a facility.

Savings Equation

Where:

Water Savings = realized water savings in Kilo-Gallons (kGal)

Usage Rate (baseline) = baseline fixture use rate in gpm (showers/faucets, or gpf (urinals/toilets)

Usage Rate (post) = post installation fixture use rate in gpm (showers/faucets, or gpf (urinals/toilets)

Quantity = quantity of affected fixtures

AAUF = average annual use or flushes of fixture type

The usage factors (flushes/day/person, seconds/handwashing/usage, etc.) values are based on American Water Works Association Research Foundation (AWWARF), 2000, Commercial and Institutional End Uses of Water, and some engineering estimates.